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Infidelity

Texts and music on the theme of infidelity, with readings by Fenella Woolgar and Timothy Watson. Includes Browning and Jackie Kay, plus Purcell, Mozart, Schoenberg and Nina Simone.

Fenella Woolgar and Timothy Watson explore infidelity from Tristan and Iseult to Anthony Blunt with texts from Dante, the Earl of Rochester, Robert Browning, Dorothy Parker, W.H. Auden, Hugo Williams and Jackie Kay, accompanied by music from Purcell, Mozart, Diego Ortiz, Rachmaninov, Schoenberg, Pinho Vargas and Nina Simone

Producer: Philippa Ritchie

Scroll down the webpage for more information about the music used, and the producer's note.

1 hour, 15 minutes

Last on

Sun 12 Feb 2017 17:30
蜜芽传媒 Radio 3

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Music Played

Timings (where shown) are from the start of the programme in hours and minutes

  • 00:00

    Arnold Schoenberg

    Six Little Piano Pieces, Op. 19 - V: Etwas rasch

    Performer: Glenn Gould (piano).
    • Sony Classical SMK 62 020.
    • Tr9.
  • 00:00

    Arnold Schoenberg

    Six Little Piano Pieces, Op. 19 聳 VI. Sehr Langsam

    Performer: Glenn Gould (piano).
    • Sony Classical SMK 62 020.
    • Tr10.

  • Hugo Williams

    Prayer read by Timothy Watson

  • 00:01

    Fr茅d茅ric Chopin

    Variations on La" ci darem la mano," Op.2 - Theme

    Performer: Garrick Ohlsson (piano).
    • ARABESQUE Z67022.
    • Tr2.

  • Dorothy Parker

    Unfortunate Coincidence read by Fenella Woolgar

  • 00:03

    Fr茅d茅ric Chopin

    Variations on "La ci darem la mano," Op.2 聳 Variation 1

    Performer: Garrick Ohlsson (piano).
    • ARABESQUE Z67022.
    • Tr3.
  • 00:04

    Henry Purcell

    Man is for the Woman Made

    Performer: John Shirley-Quirk (Baritone), Martin Isepp (harpsichord).
    • SAGA XID 5260 (Vinyl).
    • CD1 Tr1.

  • Racine

    Ph猫dre adapted by Ted Hughes, read by Fenella Woolgar

  • 00:06

    Pablo de Sarasate

    Carmen Fantasy, Op. 25

    Performer: Itzhak Perlman (violin) Royal Philharmonic Orchestra, Lawrence Foster (Conductor).
    • EMI 72435 74765 2.
    • Tr1.

  • Racine

    Ph猫dre adapted by Ted Hughes, read by Fenella Woolgar

  • John Donne

    Woman's Constancy, read by Timothy Watson

  • 00:11

    Lee Hazlewood

    These Boots are Made For Walking

    Performer: Nancy Sinatra.
    • BR Music聳 BOX 1001-2.
    • CD1 Tr13.

  • Jackie Kay

    Divorce, read by Fenella Woolgar

  • 00:15

    Leos Jan谩膷ek

    String Quartet No. 1 after Tolstoy聮s The Kreutzer Sonata: I Adagio con moto

    Performer: Alban Berg Quartett.
    • EMI Classics 7243 5 55457 2 5.
    • Tr1.

  • Earl of Rochester

    Letter from the Earl of Rochester to his mistress the actress Elizabeth Barrie, written in 1678, read by Timothy Watson

  • 00:20

    Henry Purcell

    A Fool聮s Preferment or The Three Dukes of Dunstable: Fled is my Love 聳 First Verse

    Performer: Rogers Covey Crump, the Academy of Ancient Music, Christopher Hogwood (Conductor).
    • OISEAU LYRE 4258932.
    • CD5 Tr16.

  • Earl of Rochester

    聭Anger, Spleen, Revenge and Shame聮 - a second letter from Rochester to Elizabeth Barrie, read by Timothy Watson

  • 00:21

    Henry Purcell

    A Fool聮s Preferment or The Three Dukes of Dunstable: Fled is my Love 聳 Second Verse

    Performer: Rogers Covey Crump, the Academy of Ancient Music, Christopher Hogwood (Conductor).
    • OISEAU LYRE 4258932.
    • CD5 Tr16.
  • 00:23

    Granville Bantock

    'I loved thee once, Atthis, long ago' 聳 from Sappho (song cycle)

    Performer: Susan Bickley (Mezzo-soprano), Royal Philharmonic, Vernon Handley (Conductor).
    • HYPERION CDA 66899.
    • Tr3.

  • Joseph Bedier translated by Hilaire Belloc

    The Romance of Tristan and Iseult, read by Fenella Woolgar

  • 00:31

    Richard Wagner

    Tristan und Isolde, Lieberstod

    Performer: Nina Stemme, Orchestra of the Royal Opera House, Antonio Pappano (Conductor).
    • EMI 5580062.
    • CD3 Tr12.
  • 00:38

    Diego Ortiz

    Recercada secunda

    Choir: Concordia, Mark Levy (Director).
    • 蜜芽传媒 MUSIC Vol. II No. 9.
    • Tr22.

  • Robert Browning

    My Last Duchess, read by Timothy Watson

  • 00:40

    Arnold Schoenberg

    III Sehr Langsame from Six Little Piano Pieces, Op.19

    Performer: Glenn Gould (piano).
    • SONY CLASSICAL SMK62020.
    • Tr7.

  • Robert Browning

    My Last Duchess, read by Timothy Watson

  • 00:41

    Jean鈥怋aptiste Lully

    Les D茅mons, Air de Ballet de Th茅s茅e (Theseus)

    Performer: Kenneth Gilbert (harpsichord).
    • HARMONIA MUNDI HMA 1901267.
    • Tr10.
  • 00:00

    Benjamin Britten

    Tell Me The Truth About Love

    Performer: Della Jones (Mezzo-soprano), Steuart Bedford (piano).
    • COLLINS CLASSICS 14902.
    • Tr19.

  • Augusta Fullam

    Letter from Augusta Fullam, read by Fenella Woolgar (real letter from the woman who poisoned her husband in Agra, India in 1912 with the help of her doctor lover who supplied the poison and was poisoning his own wife at the same time.)

  • 00:47

    Ant贸nio Pinho Vargas

    Judas: Prodotoris finis

    Performer: Coro e Orquestra Gulbenkian, Paulo Louren莽o (Chorus-master).
    • NAXOS 8 573277.
    • Tr14.

  • John Banville

    The Untouchable, read by Timothy Watson

  • 00:53

    Gustav Holst

    I Vow To Thee, My Country (Jupiter)

    Performer: Choir of King鈥檚 College, Cambridge.
    • EMI 2289440.
    • CD2 Tr3.

  • Dante, translated by Clive James

    The Inferno, Volume I, Canto v, read by Timothy Watson and Fenella Woolgar

  • 00:55

    Sergey Rachmaninov

    Francesca da Rimini, The fair Guinevere

    Performer: Svetla Vassileva, Misha Didyk, 蜜芽传媒 Philharmonic, Gianandrea Noseda (Conductor).
    • CHANDOS CHAN 10442.
    • Tr9.
  • 00:57

    Sergey Rachmaninov

    Francesca da Rimini, Epilogue

    Performer: Svetla Vassileva, Misha Didyk, 蜜芽传媒 Philharmonic, Gianandrea Noseda (Conductor).
    • CHANDOS CHAN 10442.
    • Tr10.
  • 01:01

    Anderson/Eno

    Poison

    Performer: Laurie Anderson.
    • Warner Bros. Records ? 9362 45534 2.
    • Tr10.

  • Stella Gibbons

    Deserted Girl, read by Timothy Watson

  • 01:05

    Jessie Mae Robinson

    The Other Woman

    Performer: Nina Simone.
    • ROULETTE CDP 7985842.
    • Tr4.

  • Linda Chase

    Married Woman, read by Fenella Woolgar

  • 01:08

    Jean Sibelius

    Pell茅as et M茅lisande, Act II, No. 4 Comodo (Prelude Scene I)

    Performer: Turku Philharmonic Orchestra, Leif Segerstam (Conductor).
    • NAXOS 8 573301.
    • Tr4.

  • W.H. Auden

    Lullaby, read by Timothy Watson and Fenella Woolgar

  • 01:11

    Johannes Brahms

    Lullaby, Op. 49, No. 4

    Performer: Yo Yo Ma (cello), Kathryn Stott (piano).
    • SONY 88875103162.
    • Tr2.

Producer's Notes - Infidelity

You will not need Sir David Attenborough to tell you that fidelity is a rare phenomenon in the animal kingdom.聽 In fact there are only about eight species that mate for life: they include swans, elephants, angel fish, gibbons and, curiously, termites; and it seems, if the seventh commandment is anything to go by, that human beings are expected to be included in this select group.聽 Yet, who knows if an elephant, or even a termite, has not occasionally strayed from the path of strict monogamy? Human beings certainly have, and their erring ways have been the source of great misery, and a great deal of creativity as well.聽 Infidelity is a worldwide phenomenon that occurs with remarkable regularity across cultures and has inspired much great literature and music.聽 In this programme I鈥檝e focused mainly on romantic betrayal, but also included are examples of infidelity to friends, causes and beliefs.

We start with one of Schoenberg鈥檚 6 Little Piano Pieces, composed in 1911 by which time he had abandoned tonality but not yet developed his twelve note system.聽 In a letter to Ferruccio Busoni two years previously he explained that he wanted to discard protracted scores and write short, lean pieces.聽 He hoped the result was 鈥渨ithout stylized and sterilized drawn-out sentiment. That is not how man feels; it is impossible to feel only one emotion.鈥澛� What he wanted to express in his music was the 鈥渕ulti-coloured, polymorphic, illogical nature of our feelings... Now I have said it, and they may burn me.鈥澛犅� Schoenberg鈥檚 insight into the complex way our emotions work may be an explanation of why fidelity to our partners, our friends or our beliefs sometimes comes hard to us.聽 Marital infidelity played a central role in Schoenberg鈥檚 life: he was devastated by his wife Mathilde鈥檚 affair with their mutual close friend, the painter Gerstl.聽 The liaison ended in tragedy when Mathilde was persuaded by Webern to leave Gerstl, with whom she was living, and return to her husband.聽 Soon after Gerstl killed himself.聽 Mathilde visited his grave every year for the rest of her life.聽 The Schoenbergs attempted to repair their marriage but according to friends their relationship had been damaged irrevocably.

Most of the texts I鈥檝e chosen are self-explanatory.聽 There鈥檚 Racine鈥檚 Ph猫dre, translated by Ted Hughes, detailing how she was love-stricken by Hippolytus 鈥� a difficult situation as he was her stepson.聽 And we hear from Francesca da Rimini trapped in Dante鈥檚 Second Circle of Hell (reserved for the lustful) who explains how she and Paolo fell for each other while reading about Lancelot and Guinevere.聽 A contemporary of Dante Alighieri, Francesca da Rimini had been forcibly married to Lanciotto Malatesta at the age of 15 or 16 for dynastic reasons.聽 She had a long term love affair with her handsome brother in law Paolo.聽 Tragedy ensued when Malatesta surprised the lovers in Francesca鈥檚 bedroom and killed them both.聽 Several composers were inspired by the story, including Tchaikovsky.聽 I have used an extract from Rachmaninoff鈥檚 opera Francesca Da Rimini to accompany the reading.聽聽聽

I was intrigued to come across two letters from John Wilmot, the Earl of Rochester, to his mistress, the actress Elizabeth Barry.聽 Rochester is famous for his erotic poetry and promiscuous behaviour, but clearly in 1678 when he wrote these letters, the tables were turned and Barry was rejecting him, despite having borne him a child.

In The Untouchable, John Banville writes a fictionalised account of the Cambridge spy Anthony Blunt. The novel is narrated in the first person and is a fascinating account of the state of mind of a man who lived a long term double life. He confessed to being a spy in 1964, but was not publically unmasked until 1979.

Perhaps the most chilling text I discovered is a letter written by Augusta Fullam to her doctor-lover Henry Clark in 1911.聽 The notorious Agra Double Murder Case became the talk of British India over tea and tiffin.聽 At the time of Augusta鈥檚 letter she and her lover were in the process of attempting to poison their respective spouses.聽 Clark regularly posted packets of arsenic marked 鈥楾onic Powders鈥� to Mrs Fullam.聽 She succeeded in killing her husband in 1911, but when her lover failed in his attempts to kill his spouse he hired assassins to murder her.聽 Unwisely, Augusta kept a trunk of all her incriminating letters to Clark under her bed.聽 The couple were tried jointly at Allahabad in 1913 and found guilty. Clark was hanged but Augusta鈥檚 sentence was commuted to life imprisonment as she was pregnant with Clark鈥檚 child. She died of heatstroke in Naini prison in 1914.聽

In terms of music, I chose Chopin鈥檚 Variations on Mozart鈥檚 La ci darem la mano to follow on from Hugo Williams鈥� poem near the start of the programme.聽 Don Giovanni sings the famous aria while naughtily attempting to seduce Zerlina only minutes after promising to hold a wedding reception for her and her fianc茅 at his castle.聽 One could forgive her for yielding to him in response to the charm of the melody but luckily Donna Elvira arrives in the nick of time and interrupts the seduction.

Jan谩膷ek's String Quartet No. 1, The Kreutzer Sonata, was inspired by Tolstoy鈥檚 1889 controversial novella of the same name.聽 In the story an unhappily married woman meets a violinist at a soir茅e during which Beethoven鈥檚 Kreutzer Violin Sonata (No. 9, Op. 47) is performed and the pair are mutually attracted.聽 The husband, returns from a trip to discover the couple together, possibly quite innocently, and kills his wife, though the violinist escapes.聽 The tale is narrated by the husband, Posdnicheff, who expresses the opinion 鈥渕any adulteries originate in our society鈥� under the influence of music.

I have chosen two Purcell songs:聽 the beautiful and plaintive song 鈥楩led is my love鈥� is from his incidental music to D鈥橴rfey鈥檚 1688 play 鈥楢 Fool鈥檚 Preferment鈥� and 鈥業 attempt from love鈥檚 sickness to fly鈥� from his semi-opera The Indian Queen based on a tragedy by John Dryden.

Browning鈥檚 My Last Duchess is narrated by a 16th century Italian Duke, who has organised the murder of his wife whose eye he felt to be too roving.聽 Browning鈥檚 Duke is thought to have been inspired by Alfonso II, the fifth duke of Ferrara, who married the fifteen year old Lucrezia de Medici in 1558.聽 She died three years later and there were suspicions she had been poisoned.聽 The controlling and violent behaviour of the outwardly charming Duke towards his wife is perhaps not a million miles away from the character of Rob in The Archers, as portrayed so brilliantly by our reader Timothy Watson.聽

To follow Browning鈥檚 murderous duke I have used music from Jean Baptise Lully鈥檚 ballet Theseus.聽 Theseus was the king who abandoned Ariadne, but was himself betrayed by Phaedra when she fell for his son Hippolytus, as described earlier.聽

In conclusion it appears a completely monogamous human is quite rare.聽 Men and women are not gibbons or elephants or termites, and perhaps, in the end, it is just as well they are not.

Philippa Ritchie

Broadcasts

  • Sun 26 Jun 2016 17:30
    蜜芽传媒 Radio 3
  • Sun 12 Feb 2017 17:30
    蜜芽传媒 Radio 3

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