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An illustration of the upper course characteristics and landforms of the River Tay, Scotland. In its upper course, a river is shallow and narrow. As it flows quickly downhill it erodes soil and rock, often producing waterfalls and gorges. As the Tay continues its journey, it cuts deeper into the river bed forming a V-shaped valley. The only human control on the water entering the Tay is on the River Tummel, where a series of dams channel the water through a network of hydroelectric power stations before the water returns to the Tummel and subsequently joins the Tay.