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Episode nineteen - the new spirit of imperialism. The relationship between Europe and Africa fundamentally changed in the 1870s when, after centuries of trade, one continent sought to divide up the other. But why did Europe decide to impose a political partition on Africa? And how was it received by African rulers? "The Congress of Berlin was significant because the Europeans were proving their acquired rights in Africa by treaties with Africans against the rights of other European powers - Africans were treated as if they didn't exist." Professor JF Ade Ajayi University of Ibadan, Nigeria. Presented by Hugh Quarshie.