ѿý

Reunification of East and West Germany

The fall of the iconic Cold War symbol marked the effective collapse of the German Democratic Republic, but long before the wall went up, the ѿý were at the front line between East and West.

On 9th November 1989, citizens from East and West Berlin flocked to the Berlin Wall with sledgehammers and pick axes and began to demolish the barrier that had physically and ideologically divided Berlin for more than 28 years.

Long before the wall went up, the ѿý started to receive letters from listeners in East Germany - many featured in a weekly programme ‘Briefe ohne Unterschrift’ (‘Letters without Signature’). The Stasi (Staatssicherheitsdienst - the state security service) saw this programme as a form of psychological warfare aimed to destabilise the regime.

The construction of the wall started on 13th August 1961. ѿý Monitoring compiled Summaries of World Broadcasts during that summer month and those reports contain information on how the rest of the world viewed what was happening in Berlin. Many citizens of the German Democratic Republic wrote to the ѿý in desperation, appealing to the outside world not to be forgotten as the Berlin Wall was going up.

On 9th November 1989, the ѿý’s Brian Hanrahan reported in the Nine O’ Clock News on the bombshell announcement that citizens from East Germany would be able to cross directly into West Germany. By 11pm the checkpoints were open and the Berlin Wall had, in Hanrahan’s words, suddenly become a ‘redundant structure’. The fall of the iconic Cold War symbol marked the effective collapse of the German Democratic Republic. The political process towards the reunification of East and West Germany started within weeks, and was made official on 3rd October 1990, less than a year after the fall of the Berlin Wall.

The ѿý Written Archives Centre holds files charting its broadcasting relationship with East and West Germany in series E1, E2, E3 and E40. Significant sections include over 300 files of letters sent from behind the Iron Curtain to the ѿý (1955-1976) and the Summaries of World Broadcasts – daily digests of foreign radio broadcasts (1939-2001).

Typewritten memo
Internal memo from the ѿý German Representative in Berlin to Lindley Fraser, Head of the German Service, about the anonymous letters to the ѿý being intercepted by the Stasi (Staatssicherheitsdienst or the State Security Service), 5 May 1954. From E21/8/2, Lindley Fraser’s papers
Quote in German Letters which translates as If you have again violated [my] secrecy send my regards to the State Security Service!!!!
Writing to the ѿý was risky. “If you have again violated [my] secrecy send my regards to the State Security Service!!!!” September 1961. From E3/379, German Service Listeners’ Letters
Typewritten summary of a broadcast
Summary of World Broadcast about ‘the new situation in Berlin’. From SWBs, 14 August 1961
Examples of handwritten German correspondence received by the ѿý
Letters for ‘Briefe ohne Unterschrift’ (Letters without Signature). From E3, External Services series containing audience research and listeners correspondence
Typewritten memo
Many letter writers made suggestions on how to improve the ѿý programmes for the Soviet Zone. “Please try to have as many speakers who have fled from the Zone as possible, as these are the best informed’. Report on mail in German received from listeners in the Soviet Zone, 15 December 1961. From E3/208/1
The Brandenburg Gate with the Berlin wall in front of it. The wall has graffiti all over it
View of the Brandenburg Gate from West Berlin before the wall came down, October 1989. From ѿý Photo Library
Television News script
Television News script, ѿý Nine O’ Clock News, 9 November 1989. From WAC Television News Bulletins
Brian Hanrahan reporting from Berlin - behind him the crowd have sparklers
Brian Hanrahan reporting from Berlin during the Fall of the Berlin Wall, 9 November 1989. From ѿý Photo Library
Page about Eastern Europe in the Summary of World Broadcast
Summary of World Broadcast on ‘the new GDR travel rules’. From SWBs, 11 November 1989

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