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A letter for Gaelic learners with Roddy MacLean.

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Litir 66: Muirt na h-Apainn

Anns a’ phuing-ghràmair anns an Litir mu dheireadh, thug sinn sùil air an abairt “is coireach”. Anns an ochdamh linn deug, nuair a bha e anns a’ chùirt fo chasaid de mhurt, chleachd Seumas Stiùbhart, neo Seumas a’ Ghlinne, mar as fheàrr a dh’aithnichear e, an abairt sin. “Cò air bith is coireach,” thuirt e, “is mis’ an creanaiche.” ’S e creanaiche cuideigin a tha a’ fuiling ann an dòigh air choreigin. Bha Seumas a’ ciallachadh gur e cuideigin eile bu choireach airson a’ mhuirt, ach gur e e fhèin a bhiodh ciontach a rèir na cùirte.

Tha e iongantach mar a tha deasbad ann fhathast mu dheidhinn ciont Sheumais Stiùbhairt. Tha mi a’ dèanamh dheth gur e is coireach airson sin gun do chleachd an sgrìobhadair ainmeil, Raibeart Louis Stevenson, a’ chùis anns an nobhail aige, “Kidnapped”. Fàgaidh sinn an leabhar an darna taobh, ge-tà, is bheir sinn sùil air na thachair, cho fad ’s is aithne dhuinn, ann am “Muirt Apainn” ann an seachd ceud deug, dà fhichead ’s a dhà dheug (1752).

Air a’ cheathramh latha deug dhen Chèitean, bha ceathrar a’ dol tro Choille an Leitir Mhòir ann an Apainn, ann an Earra-Ghaidheal. Chualas urchair-ghunna agus thuit fear far an eich a bha e a’ marcachd, agus dà pheilear na dhruim. B’ esan Cailean Caimbeul à Gleann Iubhair.

Bha an Caimbeulach ag obair don riaghaltas mar bhàillidh air na h-oighreachdan a chaidh a ghabhail thairis an dèidh Blàr Chùil Lodair, air sgàth ’s gun tug na cinn-chinnidh taic do Theàrlach Og Stiùbhart. Am measg nan oighreachdan sin, bha Ard Seile ann an Apainn, a bha le Stiùbhartach eile (nach robh càirdeach don Phrionnsa). An dèidh Blàr Chùil Lodair, theich an ceann-cinnidh don Fhraing agus chaill e a chuid fearainn.

Sia bliadhna as dèidh sin, ’s e Cailean Caimbeul à Gleann Iubhair a bha a’ riaghladh na h-oighreachd, as leth an riaghaltais. Ach bha muinntir an àite gu math mì-thoilichte. Bha an Caimbeulach a’ feuchainn ri cuid aca fhuadachadh bhon dachannan. Agus bha nàimhdeas air a bhith ann eadar na Stiùbhartaich agus na Caimbeulaich airson uine mhòir co-dhiù.

Chan eil fios le cinnt cò mhuirt Cailean Caimbeul, ach bha amharas ann gur e Stiùbhartach eile, Ailean Breac, a bu choireach. Bha Ailean na shaighdear aig an riaghaltas, ach chaidh e thairis do dh’arm nan Seumasach, agus theich e don Fhraing an dèidh Blàr Chùil Lodair. Thill e a dh’Alba bho àm gu àm, ge-tà, ann an dìomhaireachd, agus tha e coltach gu robh e ann an Earra-Ghaidheal aig àm a’ mhuirt.

Cha d’fhuair an riaghaltas greim air, ach bha iad airson cuideigin a pheanasachadh. Chuir iad casaidean as leth lethbhràthair a’ chinn-chinnidh, Seumas Stiùbhart, Seumas a’ Ghlinne, gu robh esan an sàs anns a’ mhurt còmhla ri Ailean Breac. Mu dheireadh, nochd e anns a’ chùirt ann an … càite? Càite, ach Inbhir Aora, prìomh bhaile nan Caimbeulach!

’S e Caimbeulach a bh’ anns an àrd-bhritheamh, agus bha Caimbeulaich anns a’ mhòr-chuid anns an diùraidh. Chan eil e na iongnadh, ma-thà, gun d’fhuair a’ chùirt ciontach e. Chaidh Seumas a chrochadh air croich ann am Bail’ a’ Chaolais, agus chaidh a chnàmhan fhàgail ann a sin, air an cumail ri chèile le ueir, airson bliadhnaichean, mar rabhadh do mhuinntir an àite.

Shaoileadh tu, nuair a bha e air ais anns an Fhraing, gu robh Ailean Breac air aideachadh don mhurt, ach cha do dh’aidich. Cò, ma-thà, a mhuirt Cailean Caimbeul? ’S dòcha nach bi fios againn air a sin a-chaoidh.

Faclan na seachdaine

creanaiche: sufferer; iongantach: surprising; ciont: guilt; nobhail:novel; Apainn: Appin; Coille an Leitir Mhòir: Lettermore Wood; Cailean Caimbeul àGleann Iubhair: Colin Campbell of Glenure; an Caimbeulach: Campbell (informal); ArdSeile: Ardsheal; Blàr Chùil Lodair: The Battle of Culloden; theich: fled; dìomhaireachd:secrecy; Inhbir Aora: Inveraray; àrd-bhritheamh: senior judge; diùraidh: jury; croich:gibbet; Bail’ a’ Chaolais: Ballachulish; a chnàmhan: his bones; rabhadh: warning.

Abairtean na seachdaine

fo chasaid de mhurt: charged with murder; cò air bith iscoireach: whoever is responsible; gur e e fhèin a bhiodh ciontach a rèir na cùirte: that it washimself that would be guilty according to the court; fàgaidh sinn an leabhar an darna taobh:we will put the book aside; chualas urchair-ghunna: a gunshot was heard; agus dà pheilearna dhruim: with two bullets in his back; mar bhàillidh air na h-oighreachdan a chaidh aghabhail thairis: as factor on the estates which had been taken over; air sgàth ’s gun tug nacinn-chinnidh taic do Theàrlach Og Stiùbhart: because the clan chiefs helped Young CharlesStewart (ie Bonnie Prince Charlie); a bha le Stiùbhartach eile: which was owned by anotherStewart; chaill e a chuid fearainn: he lost his land; as leth an riaghaltais: on behalf of thegovernment; chaidh e thairis do dh’arm nan Seumasach: he went over to the Jacobite army;bha iad airson cuideigin a pheanasachadh: they wanted to punish somebody; chuir iadcasaidean as leth lethbhràthair a’ chinn-chinnidh: they charged the chief’s half-brother; airan cumail ri chèile le ueir: held together by wire.

Puing ghrĂ mair na seachdaine

Thuit fear far an eich a bha e a’ marcachd: a man fell fromthe horse he was riding. The preposition far (sometimes written bhàrr and meaning “from”or “off”) is an interesting one because it appears at first instance to be a simple one,requiring only the dative case in the following noun. But you will notice above that I said faran eich, not far an each. This shows that, in fact, it commands the genitive case, as docompound prepositions (those containing more than one element). The reason is that it was,historically, a compound preposition, de bhàrr, meaning “from the top or surface of”. So wesay “thàinig an carbad far an rathaid” (the vehicle came off the road), not “…far an rathad”.Here are two other examples of the use of far; note the genitives: Thàinig e far na cìche aigbliadhna a dh’aois (he came off the breast, ie. was weaned, at one year old); Thuit e far aleapa air an oidhche (he fell off his bed during the night). How would you say in Gaelic “thecup fell from the table”

GnĂ ths-cainnt na seachdaine

Mar as fheàrr a dh’aithnichear e: as he is best known. Youwill hear phrases of this type used in the funeral announcements on Radio nan Gaidheal,because people are still often best known in their own communities, and even outside them,by nicknames or patronymics, rather than by their “official” name.

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