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Capitalisation II

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Finn Finn | 13:10 UK time, Thursday, 17 November 2011

Hello everyone,

How are you?

Thank you for all your responses to my last post. I really enjoyed reading about your weekend activities - swimming, walking on the beach, picnicking by the Nile, reading the Shakespeare play A Midsummer Night's Dream, even watching awful movies... ;)

Anyway, last week I set a piece of homework. To capitalise the following sentence:

my uncle is a professor of chinese at the university of edinburgh. students call him professor jones but I call him uncle steven. he spent a long time in the east studying buddhism.

Well here is the correct answer:

My uncle is a professor of Chinese at The University of Edinburgh. Students call him Professor Jones but I call him Uncle Steven. He spent a long time in the East studying Buddhism.

Some of you were close but no one was completely correct! So which parts of this sentence are worth learning form? I want to pick out six points:

My uncle (1) is a professor (2) of Chinese (3) at The University of Edinburgh (4). Students call him Professor Jones but I call him Uncle Steven. He spent a long time in the East (5) studying Buddhism (6).

1) uncle or Uncle? Normally uncle wouldn't have a capital letter, unless it comes right before a person's name, like 'Uncle Steven' in the next sentence.

2) This is the same for professional job titles. As a noun professor doesn't need a capital letter, but when it is someone's title, like 'Professor Jones' or 'Dr Doolittle' it takes a capital letter.

3) 'Chinese' here indicates the language. Languages are capitalised, as are nationalities and of course countries.

4) 'The University of Edinburgh' is the official name of the institution. As the word 'the' is part of the official title, it also needs a capital letter. You can check this by doing a quick online search if you're not sure.

5) Compass directions like north, south east and west only take capital letters when they are part of a name established by popular usage to mean a certain region, for example: the Pacific Northwest, the South Pacific, or the East or West when talking about those areas in cultural terms.

6) Buddhism and other religions take capital letters.

So - by combining this post and the last one I hope you have some of the basic rules for capitalising in English. There are others - sorry - as we know English is a complicated language and many native speakers sometimes make mistakes with this kind of thing! But these should help you to start with.

Right, enough of capital letters. Let's turn to Vito's blog on Venice.

Beautiful Venice... I have to say again that your pictures are amazing! I was lucky enough to go to Venice a few years ago myself and it took my breath away. You have brought back some lovely memories for me. In fact, your blog was very practical with lots of advice for travellers about tickets, fares and transport in the city! What was your favourite part?

LANGUAGE POINT

Bearing in mind the lesson on capitalisation above, how would you modify this sentence?

"If you need a rest or if you want to see some really interesting Museums, Churches, Islands like Burano - Murano and Torcello, you can't miss this beautiful city..."


HOMEWORK

Vito - You finished your blog by talking about the unforgettable restaurants in Venice. So would you like to write a blog about Italian food. Pizza, pasta and risotto are all delicious and world-famous, but perhaps you could introduce some more regional specialities that we might not know about?

And everyone else - what is your opinion of Italian food? Is it popular in your country? What is your favourite and why?

Me - I have to say I love it - a freshly-made thin-crust pizza with moist tomato-based topping with different cheeses and ham is a real treat for me. Mmmm.

Ah good, it's time for lunch. Perfect timing.

See you soon!

Finn

Comments

  • Comment number 1.

    Hello Finn,

    Hope you are well. Even though I did not contribute to your previous blogs but I read all of them. I must admit that I enjoyed all of them. I used to think that capitalisation in English is very easy and simple but that perception has changed since I started writing more in English. There are times when I am unsure whether to capitalise a word or not. Anyway, your explanation about capitalisation has helped me understand a couple of capitalisation rules, so thanks for that.

    I am going to try and modify the sentence above but it looks a little complicated so not sure if I can get it right. Anyway, here it is:

    'There are some beautiful places to visit if you need to relax such as the islands including Murano, Burano and Torcello. Other interesting places also worth visiting are some museums, and churches. If you are planning a holiday abroad, consider visiting Venice as it is a such a beautiful which can't be missed...'

    About Italian food, I must say that I love it, particularly pizza. Here in the UK I love to have a pizza from Pizza Hut but unfortunately in my home town we don't have Pizza Hut any more. In my home country (Pakistan) pizza seems to be the most popular Italian dish but pasta is no less.

    Take care

    Varisha

  • Comment number 2.

    Hello Finn
    I had thought about capitalization of "uncle" because in the sentence it was emphasized, however i wrote it as i wrote. I had many mistakes,but I hope with your useful and helpful points I will do better in future.

    Now about modifying Vito's sentence:

    "If you need a rest or if you want to see some really interesting museums, churches, islands like Burano, Murano and Torcello, you can't miss this beautiful city..."

    About Italian food mmmmmm it's very delicious. I like pizza as you,but also i like pasta served up with different dressings and i often prepare it at home for dinner with glass of beautiful red Georgian wine. I also like various type of Italian cheeses. It's feast for stomach :-)
    Yes in my country the Italian dishes is quite popular.

    Kindly,
    Sofiko Georgia

  • Comment number 3.

    Hi Finn

    I'm Tatiana from Russia. Thank you for your teaching. Your explanation is perfect; it clarifies the problem very well. Though I didn’t do my homework I found out many helpful things while reading your blog.
    This time you asked us about Italian food. Pizza and pasta are very popular in Russia as well as everywhere. Pasta is cooked in any kitchen here. But honestly I think that Italian would be horrified at the way we cook it. We adjust it to be the fast cooking meal. If I have no time for cooking it’s the best way for me. Indeed, it isn’t right. I think for real Italian cook it should be like a ceremony. Certainly every cook has his/her own secrets.

    Best wishes
    Tatiana

  • Comment number 4.

    Hi Finn

    I was very close, but I had one mistake in the sentence. I did not know that the article "the" in University of Edinburgh is capitalised.

    So, let's try the new homework. I guess the problem is the capital letter for three noums: museums, church and islands. They aren't capitalised. Is it OK?

    Then, I would modify and rewrite like this:

    "If you need a rest or if you want to see some really interesting museums, churches, islands like Burano, Murano and Torcello, you can't miss this beautiful city..."

    I appreciate Italian food. My favorite dish is bracciola, which is a steak rolled up around slices of carrot and red pepper. You cook it with tomato sauce. It's delicious!

    In Brazil, Italian is the most famous foreign food. In São Paulo State, every city has at least one Italian restaurant. And also in my area, the Noth East, Italian food is very common. Pizza is almost a brazilian dish. In deed, pizza is a universal meal. Don't you think?

  • Comment number 5.

    Hi Finn,

    Thank you very much for your kind teaching. It makes me to aware where all those mistakes I made came from. I didn't expect I would make such many mistakes. :)
    Well...hopefully I'll be better in capitalising next time.

    Yes, like you said, Italian foods are famous here in Korea. Especially for younger generation. Pizza, pasta, risotto are all I know about Italian foods. I somtimes have them with friends. To be honest, it is always difficult for me to choose what I like, because I don't remember what I had before and what the taste was like.
    They are still very new for me. :)

    Hope to see you soon.

  • Comment number 6.

    Hi Finn!!!

    Thankyou for your guide on the Capitalization rules. Let me try to modify your sentence. Don't know I'm able to write it correctly or not.

    "If you need a rest or if you want to see some really interesting museums, churches, Islands like Burano - Murano and Torcello, you can't miss this Beautiful City..."

    In the next part you asked us about our favourite Italain food. My family loves Pizza and my all time favouite is thick-crust Chicken Fajita. Yes, In my country Italian foods are very popular specially Pasta and Pizza.

    Chow
    Mahjabeen

  • Comment number 7.

    Hello Fin.
    Regarding the last homework I think I made an only mistake in "Uncle Steven". I doubt it and in the end I decided to write it like in Spanish, my mother tongue. In spanish, capitalising it's so difficult too an there're a lot of official documents with mistakes. Fon isntance, in Spanish months and days noums don't need capitalising, but most people do it when date a document or a letter. I'm Spanish teacher and when I explain this subject to my pupils, they look at me suprised. As you teach so clear I won't forget to capitalise relatives noums refering to someone.
    ÃÛÑ¿´«Ã½work:
    If you need a rest or if you want see some really interesting musseums, churchs and islands -like Burano, Murano and Torcelo- you cant miss this beautiful city.

    Italian food it's very popular in my country, but good italian restaurants are few. I think so after I visited Italia, where I eated declicious pizzas and pasta dishes. I always cook italian food at home and, I go out, I always order pizza, because I like a top quality pasta and boiled al´dente, and whitaut skin!
    Enjoy your meal!

  • Comment number 8.

    Hi Finn!
    Oh, I love pizza mmmm:)
    It's really helpful for us the capitalisation rules and I must admit that I didn't know the rules for "Uncle Steven" or "Professor Jones", now I'm clear. Thank you.
    I modified the text as follow:

    "If you need a rest or want to see some really interesting museums, churches, islands like Burano - Murano and Torcello, you can't miss this beautiful city..."

    I didn't repeat "...if you.." because it's already at the beginning and sounds redundant, not necessary.
    Keep providing us more exercises and explanations.
    best,
    Tadassa.

  • Comment number 9.

    Hi,

    I can't say that I love Italian food but from time to time I like to eat something different, especially when it looks mouth-watering. In my country very popular dish is of course pizza and then maybe pasta? Some people say that if you want to try their real cuisine you must go to Italy... It hard to say whether they are right..., simply is such opinion.

    Here it is my homework, though at first sight I didn't see any need to change this sentence....
    "If you need a rest or if you want to see some really interesting museums, churches, islands like Burano, Murano and Torcello, you can't miss this beautiful city"

    See you later,
    Maja from Poland

  • Comment number 10.

    Hi Finn. It's interesting to read your blogs. Some people have a tendency to convert their thoughts into their local language while speaking English and therefore gets stuck at one point when they don't find english sentences for the same. What do you advise to get rid of this habbit so that they can think and speak in english only.

  • Comment number 11.

    Hello Finn.

    Yes, I loved all the Italian foods that I ate so far. Here in India, Italian foods are quite popular among the lofty stocks, but middle class people aren't introduce to any Italian foods apart from Pizzas since local restaurants donot serve more Italian foods. I've tasted Pizzas, pastas, and other three cuisines which names I don't remember. But my friend who once toured Italy told me that the Italian foods in Italy are far different from what we get here in India in terms of filling, flavor, and making. One notable point he told me was that Pizzas in Italy are baked in natural ovens whereas in India where they are baked in Micro Wave ovens.

  • Comment number 12.

    Hello Finn!
    How are you doing?
    First I want to answer your question.
    If you need a rest or if you want to see some really interesting museums, churches, islands like Burano - Murano and Torcello, you can't miss this beautiful city...
    Italian cuisine is my favorite cuisine. I often go to an Italian restaurant in St. Petersburg. It's called Mama Roma. But I never order a pizza in Russia, because the most delicious pizza can only be in Italy. I don't know why, but in no other country I haven't eaten such delicious pizza like in Italy. Mmmmmmmmmm!

  • Comment number 13.

    Hello Fin,

    Thank you for such a helpful blog. Please keep blogging.

    answer of your question:

    No i just don't like Italian at all, i just don't like its taste and its smell as well.. neither its famous in our country. you rarely get an Italian dish in our restaurants.

    i am from Pakistan and i am so much into Pakistani foods that i can't digest any other cultures recipes .. :S

    Lots of love from my side to everyone.

    Nida

  • Comment number 14.

    Hello everybody! My name is Daniela and I'm Italian like Vito (congratulations for your efforts and achievements Vito). As an Italian, few subjects can catch my attention like Mr. Food. Yes, food is something really special for us. You could see people fighting like cat and dog about the proper thickness of a slice of Parma ham, and I can assure I'm not jocking at all, strange as it may seem.
    Not only do we (as Italians) consider food as one of the most important elements in our life, but we are used to dealing with it as if it were a sort of an everlasting friend, a baby child to cuddle, a cumrade which we share our most important life experiences with and still much more than that. In fact, in my country events such as births, marriages and even funerals are all occasions when very much time is spent in order to make (or get) the best possible food. Having said all that, what is my favourite food? Spaghetti "al dente" (literally "to the teeth", as to say absolutely not overcooked) with a fresh tomato sauce seasoned with extra virgin olive oil and a leaf of basil on top. And when I'm stuffed ... a black hot aromatic coffee and a chilled limocello. Buon appetito - Enjoy !

  • Comment number 15.

    Hi Finn!
    How are you doing?
    Thank you a lot for your lesson. I have just started reading ÃÛÑ¿´«Ã½ blogs. I hope that it helps me to improve my English.
    So, about Italian foods. As Tatiana from Russia has written, Italian foods are very popular in Russia. There are a lot of Italian restaurants in Saint-Petersburg – I live in this city. I know that owners of some Italian restaurants are from Italia. Pizza, pasta, lasagna, tiramisu may be the most popular Italian dishes among Russians.
    I cooked lasagna several times. But it takes a lot of time!!! More than 4 hours! So, I cook lasagna for only special events like the birthday party or New Year party.
    I have never been to Italia. I believe one day I`ll have a chance to visit it!

    Best regards,
    Alexandra (Russia, Saint-Petersburg)

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